Birthstones originated in Jerusalem, where
12 gems decorating the castle wall were divided into the 12 months. However, due
to racial and regional differences, birthstones have changed from country to
country. In the 18th century, 12 major categories were created, including the
Jewish, Roman, Arabian, Hindu, Polish, and Russian categories.
Later, in the 20th century, the original local birthstones were further divided
into an American and European system.
January:
Garnet
Garnet is actually a large
family of gems occurring in every color but blue though it is often
thought of as only dark red. Truly ancient, the garnet has been the gem of
faith and truth for centuries, bestowing upon the wearer the quality of
constancy and the ability to make deep and lasting friendships. Like other
red stones, garnet was considered a remedy for hemorrhage and inflammatory
disease and a general protection from wounds.
February:
Amethyst
The name
"Amethyst" comes from a Greek word meaning "not to
intoxicate". Amethyst may be found in colors ranging from the palest
lavenders to the deepest purple. Ancient Greeks believed that amethyst
possessed the power of protecting the wearer from being drunk. It is
given as a symbol of sincerity, security, and peace of mind. It is
believed to be able to calm anger, quicken the wit and make one shrewd in
business matters.
March:
Aquamarine (or Bloodstone)
The name
"Aquamarine" comes from a Latin word for its color meaning
"sea water". It is a beautiful, light blue or blue-green stone.
Aquamarine has long been the symbol for happiness and everlasting youth.
It is believed to bring courage to its wearer and strengthen the will. It
also has the power to conquer evil, cure laziness and sharpen the
intellect
April:
Diamond
The word
"Diamond" comes from the Greek word "adamas" meaning
unconquerable. Although the most desirable diamond is colorless; however,
brown, yellow, green, blue, pink, red, gray and black variations are also
found depending on the impurities present. Of all jewels, the diamond is
supreme and worthy of the name precious stone. It qualifies for all the
virtues implied in that term: brilliance, hardness, rarity, antiquity,
purity and permanence.
May:
Emerald
The name
"Emerald" comes from an ancient Persian word "smaragdus",
which means "green stone". The ideal shade for emerald is
an intense green, distinct from any other green gemstone. It was
attributed such great power that it was often used in powdered form to
prevent epilepsy, stop bleeding, cure dysentery and fever, and avert
panic. In addition, emerald was thought to make its owner eloquent and
persuasive, bring joy, give the ability to foretell the future and improve
memory.
June:
Pearl
Pearl is formed in
shellfish as a reactant to an irritant such as a piece of sand. Pearls are
generally white, brown, silver, cream, black or pink depending on the type
of shellfish and water. Pearl is the symbols of love, happiness, wealth,
honor and longevity.
July:
Ruby
While the color can range
from a pink-red to a purple-red, the most dramatic Ruby stones are a
bright, intense red. Ruby was also said to protect their owners from
misfortune and to reconcile disputes.
August:
Peridot ( or Sardonyx)
Peridot is simply a French
word derived from the Arabic for "green". Its color ranges from
a springtime yellow-green to a warm olive green. It was believed to
inhibit enchantments, to protect its wearer from evil spirits and to glow
in the dark.
September:
Sapphire
The name
"Sapphire" comes from the Greek word "safir" meaning
" blue". Sapphire comes in every color blue, orange, yellow,
violet, green, white and pink, except red. Blue is the most common color
for sapphire. Considered pure and sacred and to confer peace and wisdom
on its owner, sapphire is said to refuse to shine if worn by the wicked.
Contemplation of a sapphire was also said to cleanse the soul.
October:
Opal ( or Tourmaline)
Derived from the Sanskrit
"upala" and the Latin "opalus", meaning
"precious stone", no two stones are ever alike. The
characteristic feature of the gem opal is play of colors; pure colors
can be seen in rapid succession as the gem is moved about. Opal is a
symbol of hope and jinx. The Arabs believed opal to be a gift from
heaven that would fall in the flashes of lightening.
November:
Topaz ( or Citrine)
A common misconception is
that all topaz is yellow, Topaz comes in many colors such as blue,
yellow, pink, golden-brown, brown, green and clear. Topaz is
revered for its color, clarity and hardness. During the Middle Ages
topaz was thought drive away sadness, bring wisdom, bestow courage, and
even cure insomnia. It has also been used as a charm against snake bites
December:
Turquoise ( or Zircon)
Turquoise's color ranges
from sky blue, dark blue, yellow-green, to green. Hindus and Persians
believed that one who observed the reflection of the moon on a turquoise
was assured good luck, protection from evil and great wealth.